Engineering audit report for cottage
Our company have performed engineering audit report for cottage.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The list of critical points based on the results of site visit and on the results of analysis of provided design documentation.
Internal partitions of sawn timber of 200x200mm in houses have vertical deviations.
Risk: This defect has an impact on houses fit-out and also on the projected technical-economic values.
Recommendation: To correct the vertical level of internal partitions by using of clamps.
It is necessary to carry out an additional work of walls calking in houses
Risk: This defect has an impact on houses fit-out and also on thermotechnical properties of houses. Recommendation: To perform walls calking in log-houses.
Horizontal level of scotch block in house is executed by using of wooden fitting boards. Howewer, it should be levelling concrete
Risk: This defect will affect the structural integrity of the building and its fit-out. Recommendation: To perform levelling by using levelling concrete.
Timber sets above the openings in timber internal partitions and in log walls are made not integral, e.g. in houses the lower timber set contains of 2 separate pieces.
Risk: This defect will affect the structural integrity of the building and its fit-out. Recommendation: It is necessary to get an approval of this solution from the designer of section «Wooden structures».
Timber sets of external walls are not integral.
Risks: This defect will affect the structural integrity of the building and its fit-out. Recommendation: We consider that it is necessary to get approval of this solution from the contractor and designers and then to make accordant changes in working documentation of houses
In some areas of the internal partitions of timber are the crowns of the logs trimmed under the timber in local conditions.
Risk: This defect will affect the structural integrity of the building and its fit-out. Recommendation: We consider that it is necessary to get approval of this solution from the contractor and designers and then to make accordant changes in working documentation of house
Some of bearing structures of the truss system in house is made of components, despite is was projected integral.
Risk: This defect will affect the structural integrity of the building.
Recommendation: We consider that it is necessary to get approval of this solution from the contractor and designers and then to make accordant changes in working documentation of house
Based on design documentation analysis, necessary requirements for wooden buildings in earthquake areas are not fulfilled in houses. Specifically, there is no anchoring between above-foundation structures and foundation. Moreover, structural solutions of joint connections and joints should ensure collaboration of all parts of the building, and also ensure stability and rigidity of the whole building.
Risk: This defect will affect the structural integrity of the building.
Recommendation: It is necessary to obtain the acts of hidden works with photo fixation from the construction executor. As an alternative option - to get an official reply from the designer of section «Structural solutions» with explanation that there is no necessity of anchoring (on the basis of calculations or compensative solutions) or that is was designed.
Plural visible flaws in wood: knots (including group knots), cracks (including cup shakes and seasoning cracks), inclination of fibres, pitch pockets, fungus.
Flaws in wood are standardized by ГОСТ 9463-88 (СТ СЭВ 1144-78) «Conifer roundwood»
When laying cable lines on combustible surfaces (including wood) it is recommended to use cables marked with ng-FRHF in metal pipe or metal hose with ability of localization and intrinsically safe junction boxes
In fact, there are used cable lines marked as ngLS (Low Smoke). Pipes and junction boxes are made of plastic.
Risk: This defect has an impact on the fire safety of the building.
Recommendation: To replace cable lines, plastic pipes and junction boxes according to normatives.
Fire loop is executed using cable КСРВнг(А)-FRLS laid in PVC pipe. Risk: This defect has an impact on the fire safety of the building. Recommendation:
- o minimize the probability of false actuation of smoke detectors, shield cable (H-type)is recommended to be used.
- Cable lines to be laid in flexible metal hose.
During the audit of fireplace the following defects were revealed: Spark arresters are missing. In case of combustible roof (wood tile) spark arrestors are mandatory.
Refractory bricks bonding material shall be fireproof. Risk: This defect is impact on the fire safety of the building. Recommendation:
- To install spark arresters.
- To obtain documentation from the installation contractor, which justify that refractory bricks bonding material is fireproof. Otherwise, to provide compensatory measures.
Internal fire pipeline is not required according to SP 10.13130.2009. Information on installation of external fire pipeline (fire hydrants) is missing.
Risk: This defect is impact on the fire safety of the building.
Recommendation: To fulfil the external fire-fighting arrangement for the residential building. To consider arrangement of internal fire pipeline connected with the domestic water supply as additional fire protection measures.
There is no special design solutions for engineering systems considering seismic activity of the region.
Risk: This defect is impact on operational condition of engineering systems.
Recommendation: To execute necessary works considering the seismic conditions of the region.
The multiple violations of norms were revealed on the object.
Risk: This defect is impact on the fire safety of the building. Recommendation: To eliminate the defects, mentioned in the report.
The defects of working documentation were revealed Recommendation: To check working documentation for compliance with technical specifications, and technical standards. During handover it has to be also checked on fulfillment. To bring working documentation into compliance with ГОСТ 21.601-2011.
The defects of as-built documentation were revealed Recommendation: To obtain full set of as-built documentation from the installation contractors. To bring as-built documentation into compliance with ГОСТ 21.601-2011.
PART I. LOG-HOUSES AUDIT.
ANALYSIS OF PROVIDED DOCUMENTATION
For engineering audit the design and as-built documentation was provided. It is listed in p. 4 (page 72) There is the following drawbacks revealed in provided design documentation of sections AR, KR:
There is no design solutions on attachment fittings of vertical fastening of joistings between each other (vertical bracing between joistings using dowels) and no description of this process in general information, on the basis of SP 31-114-2004 (Rules for design of houses and public buildings tobe constructed in seismic region).
In general information of section KR is indicated that all houses wooden structures should be processed with antiseptic and fire-retardant agent to raise fire resistance rating of bearing structures up to accordance with 2nd degree of building fire resistance. On the basis of visual inspection, there is no signs that the above-mentioned measures were actually taken. The absence of these actions will affect the operational life of the building and its fire-resistance.
On pages 11-18 of sections KR (walls flat pattern) the walls of logs and timber is designed and illustrated integral along the full length. In fact, timber sets above the openings in timber internal partitions and in log walls are made not integral, e.g. in houses XL1/XS4 the lower joist floor contains of 2 separate pieces. Also, in fact some of the joist floors of external walls and internal partitions in houses XL1/ XL3/XS4/Y2/Y5/ are not integral. These defects will affect the structural integrity of the building and its fit-out.
On the floor plans of section AR at the 1st and 2nd levels, pages 102b and 103b (gypsum plasterboard walls layout) and on the plan of detail, page 905 (connection joint of gypsum plasterboard partition to suspended ceiling) the connection joints between gypsum plasterboard partitions and log and timber loadbearing walls are designed as rigid, abutting directly to the loadbearing walls. Besides that, the abutting joints of gypsum plasterboard partitions to the floor and suspended ceiling are performed without technological gaps, in violation of СП 163.1325800.2014 (Structures with the use of gypsum plasterboard and gypsum-fiber sheets. Rules of design and installation). These design solutions will affect to structural integrity of partitions and house’s fit-out due to building settlement.
Upon the floor visual inspection of the buildings under construction, there were no technological gaps between plywood sheets when it were installed. When flooring, plywood sheets should be placed with offset in such a way to at most three seam converged at one point. Consequently, the separate boards are should be adapted to size of premise, and then placed around ledges and filled in insets. Between disjointed boards there should be technological gap with a width of 8-10 mm (expansion joint). Besides that, there should be technological gap with a width of 15-20 mm between outermost plywood sheets and walls – according to СНиП 2.03.13-88 (Floors. Technical requrements and rules of design, implementation, commissioning, operation and maintenance (SP 29.13330.2011. Floors. Revised edition of СНиП 2.03.13-88 «Floors» and СНиП 3.04.01-87 «Insulating and finishing coverings»).
Recommendation: To provide technological gaps at the places of junction of plywood sheets to each other and of its abutting to the walls and partitions.
On page 8 (truss structure scheme) and on page 24 (joint 6) of section KR, in house parts of bearing structures of truss system (gutter Е1 120х250х4450 mm) are designed to be integral, but in fact, it performed of constituent parts, which does not correspond to design solutions.
Design drawings does not correspond to regulatory documents ГОСТ 21.101-93 SPDS (System of design documents for construction. Main requirements for working documents), particularly the frame and stamp on pages of section AR. There is no schedule of premises with projected floor area on the floor plans of 1st and 2nd floors, section AR. There is also no roof pitch in percents on the roof plans, section AR (page 104). The normative slope ratios were not indicated (for developing measures of water drainage from external walls and terraces) on the plans of 1st level and plans of terrace, section AR. On the façade plans, section AR were not indicated the following: fencing of terrace and stairs, materials of fit-out of plinth walls and façade, roof covering, water drain system, fences, façade decorative elements, smoke duct facing, colour scheme of façade fit-out materials.
The space-planning solution with walk-through rooms at the 2nd floor of houses XL1 and XL3: the passage to rooms 202 and 204 (bedroom and main bedroom) projected through the interconnecting rooms. This solution is questionable because there is no direct exit from these rooms to staircase hall.
LOG-HOUSES AUDIT. VISUAL INSPECTION RESULTS
At the time of technical analysis construction and installation works has not been completely finished, except for house HMH.
The degrees of completion are different for each building. Degree of completion is determined according to p.50 of Order of the Ministry of Ecomomic Development of the Russian Federation № 52 dd 10.02.2012, Moscow «On approval of the form of technical plan of facility under construction and the requirements for its drawing up», namely:
The formula based on the construction cost:
Degree = 100 x Amount of work completed/ Budget for construction project,
Where
Degree – a degree of construction completeness (%);
Amount of work completed – cost of works actually completed (RUR);
Budget for construction project - total construction cost according to the project cost calculation.
To make this calculations it is necessary to analyze the approved draft cost estimation and construction elements paid by Client in accordance with Acts of acceptance (forms KC-2, KC-3) or other closing documents), considering submission of information on hidden works.
Taking into account that the cost analysis is out of scope of this audit program, we are provide the preliminary assessment of construction completeness, based on the visual assessment of completion of the elements with the following relative shares (%):
According to methodology presented above, here is the summary table of completeness degrees of the buildings, based on the visual survey without consideration of information on hidden works:
The visual inspection has been held for preliminary assessment of technical condition of buildings structures by outward signs and to determine the need of detailed instrumental survey.
Preliminary assessment based on visual inspection of the buildings and single structural elements with using of measuring tools (ribbon tape, sliding calipers, cameras, feeler gauges, etc.).
According to the results of visual inspection, which was held at 11.05.2016 and 14.05.2016, visible defects and damages has been revealed, fixed on the photos and measured. This information is presented below.
According to ГОСТ 9463-88 «Conifer roundwood» for construction should be used timber of 1st or 2nd grade. It is allowed to use timber assortments combined on length (width) in concurrence with consumer, therewith quality and sizes of all assortments, contained in combined log (bole) should satisfy requirements specified in related standard technical documents.
Quality of timber wood should comply the requirements of ГОСТ 9463-88 and ГОСТ 22298 «Conifer sawing logs, supplied for export», namely:
All kinds of knots, besides tobacco and enclosed knots is not allowed to be more than 25 mm, in amount not more than 3 pcs. Tobacco knots are not allowed at all. Heart, cup, frost shakes, wound scars are permitted, if within a strip (core cutting) no larger than 1/5 of the diameter of the corresponding end. Lateral cracks from shrinkage and grow open are not allowed deeper than 1/20 of the diameter of the corresponding end.
ANALISYS OF SPECIAL DESIGN SOLUTIONS
Analysis of seismicity: design and implementation.
Log houses are being built in the area of possible seismic activity, therefore measures of structure reinforcement have to be provided.
To improve seismic stability of the log building the vertical connections shall be used between the rows at the intersections and in the free ends of the walls. To increase the horizontal stiffness of the blank wall sections in the vertical direction connections in the form of screed between the rows of the logs are used. Stiffness of the walls of buildings and log buildings is provided by a collection of walls on dowel pins, the entire installation of pins should be staggered, that increases the stiffness and reduces the bending of the walls, on the basis of SP 31-114-2004 (Code of rules for design and construction. Rules for design of houses and public buildings to be constructed in seismic areas;). Squared and logged timber walls shall be installed using dowel pins; par. 7.8.5 of the Structural solutions of connection joints shall ensure joint work of all parties of the building, ensure strength and stability of the building in whole.
Based on documentation provided we did not see compliance with the obligatory conditions required for timber houses in seismic regions. In the design section AR and KR the solution on vertical fastening of rows joints are missing (vertical connections between rows using dowel pins), or description of this measures in the General data. It is necessary to note that some internal partitions made of squared timber 200х200mm in houses XL1/ XL3/ XS4/Y2/ Y5/B have significant deviation of the vertical level, some of them are twisted of bended. As we did not have an opportunity to have visual inspection of availability of dowel pin fastening and screeds (braces), we suppose that these measures may not have been provided.
Analysis of design solution of partitions, fixtures and fit-out in relation to the type of building: log-house.
On design and construction of buildings made of logs in the result of shrinkage of wooden structures of the building, provision for "floating" mounting of metal frame plasterboard partitions to bearing walls of logs and saw timber should be made, as well as to provide technological gaps in points of partitions connection to the ceiling and the floor.
On the floor plans in AR sections on the 1st and the 2nd levels, sheets 102b and 103b (breakdown of drywalls), and on the plan of detail sheet 905 (connection joint of GB partition and suspended ceiling) connection joints of gypsum board partitions to the bearing log sawn timber walls are design as “rigid”, fastened directly to the bearing walls, that may lead to structure movements in whole in course of building settlement, and formation of cracks in the gypsum board partitions. The connection joints of gypsum board partitions with suspended ceiling and floors are fulfilled without technological gaps, based on SP 163.1325800.2014 (Structures with the use of plasterboard and gypsum sheets. Rules of design and installation, paragraph 7.1.5.14, a gap of at least 5 mm should be left between sheeting and the ceiling, and a gap of not less than 10 mm - between sheeting and the floor. Measures for assembling of metal frame and its fastening to bearing walls of timber and logs with the use of a "floating" fixation are recommended, as well as to comply with technological gaps in the joint areas of walls with ceilings and floors
PART II. ENGINEERING AUDIT.
ANALYSIS OF PROVIDED DOCUMENTATION (Technical condition – Work and As-built documentation for House HMH)
1.1. Power supply and lighting
Design solutions used on construction of private house have been considered based on as-built documentation, as being the most complete among the submitted documentation.
Distribution switchboard equipment is made on the basis of ABB equipment, with the use of automatic and differential switches of the 200th series and differential automatic switches of 940th series. Distribution equipment is installed in metal cabinets ABB of AT series with a protection degree of IP43
Accounting of consumption of electric energy in the distribution devices of the object is missing. The metering unit is situated in the premises of the property owner.
Grounding system of TN-C-S type is accepted. Division of PEN conductor into PE and N is executed in the main swithboard roon of the assets holder. Then power supply is carried out using 3-and 5-wire cable lines. The armored cable ВБбШ 5x16 is laid from the owner’s main switchboard to the residential building HMH is laid. Information about the way of cable laying (cable conduit system and other) is missing. The internal distribution network is fulfilled using 3-and 5-wired cable ВВГнг -LS, laid in metal and PVC pipes. The method of laying of PVC pipe inside the combustible structures in not marked on the drawings. Laying of cable lines in the vertical risers is provided in non-perforated cable trays.
Socket connector is fulfilled using cable ВВГнг-LS 3х2,5, being laid in side the structures in PVC pipes. The method of laying of PVC pipe inside the combustible structures in not marked on the drawings. Reference of wiring devices is in according to AR (architectural) drawings. Level of sockets protection in the technical rooms of the basement, bathrooms – IP44, in the rest of premises – IP20.
Lighting system is fulfiled using cable ВВГнг-LS 3х1,5, laid inside the structure in metal pipes. Lighting fixtures reference is according to architectural drawings. Lighting control is effected by means of switches of hidden installation. Alternate switches with the possibility of switching-off from different locations are used for control of lighting in the staircases and corridors.
External lighting is fulfilled using cable ВВГнг-LS 3х1,5, laind inside the strucutre in metal pipes. Lighting fixtures reference is in accordance with the architectural drawings. Lighting control is effected by means of switches of hidden installation. Main entrance switches are in the entracne lobby of the building, switches of the lighting fixtures located on the external walls of the building are installed in the kitchen. Lignting of the territory around the building from the electrical plant of the building is not provided.
Cable lines of the electric sypply of roof windows actuators is designed using cable ВВГнг-LS 3х1,5, laid inside the strucutre in metal pipes. Windows are supposed to be controlled with the remote control panels. Redundant power supply – no information. It is necessary to provide redundant power supply of electrical equipment of individual heating unit in accordance with technical specification. Warm floor. Electrical heating – In fact, there is only premises with electrical warm floor indicated on the layouts. There is no information about installation technology, distance between heating cables, locations of thermostats and junction boxes.
Comments to design solutions:
The laying of cable lines from the premises of main distribution board to the building HMH is necessary to be fulfilled in cable conduit with the installation of manholes. This solution will simplify repair, replacement and maintenance of external cable lines.
To carry out risers designed for laying of cable lines and installation of electrical equipment with fire resistance of not less than 45 min. i.e. these premises, if they are made of combustible materials (wood), shall be cavered at least with 2 layers of plasterboard (ГОСТ Р 50571-15 пп. 522; 527; ГОСТ 12.1.004-91 п.2.2; Electrical Instalation Code п. 1.7.38)
To install electric switchboards located in the premises with limited space in a way that ensures possibility of their easy maintenance. Distance from the pswitchboard to the wall shall be not less than 80 cm, the door of electic switchboard shall open for not less than 95 (Electrical Installation Code)
When laying cable lines on combustible surfaces including wood) it is recommended to use cables marked with ng-FRHF in metal pipe or metal hose with ability of localization and intrinsically safe junction boxes (ПУЭ п.1.1.36-2.1.41; 2.1.66; таблица 2.1.2-2.1.3; 1.7.38; ГОСТ Р 50571-15 пп. 522; 527; ГОСТ 12.1.004-91 п.2.2; СП 31.110-2003 п.14.15).
All metal objects located in the bathroom (shower, bath etc.) have to be connected to the equipotential bonding system (ГОСТ Р 50571.25 section 5-6).
It is necessary to consider the possibility of installation of redundant power supply (diesel-generator or standby infeed with installation of automatic circuit-breaker) – technical brief for power supply of individual heating unit.
To make full calculation of electric line (grounding circuit step and touch, loss of voltage in cable lines) to eliminate the possibility of false actuation of automatic switches.
To make calculations and attach to project documentation the graphic part of grounding and lightning protection systems. Make calculations and provide scheme of installation of heat insulated floor (ГОСТ Р 50571-25) There is no possibility of power supply monitoring in BMS system (technical design brief). Uninterrupted power supply for power reserve for BMS system are missing. To install relay equipment for shutdown of ventilation systems in case of fire.
Grounding and lightning.
System of lightning protection and grounding is fulfilled on the basis of OBO Bettermann equipment. Calculations is based on the level III of protection (protection from direct lighting strike 0.9). A mesh is used as the lightning rod, made of copper conductor d8. The elements (pipes, ventilation ducts) protruding above the building roof are protected by copper lightning conductor rod of 1500mm heigh, d16мм. Lighting rod drops are in 4 corners of the building made of copper conductor d8.
This conductor is connected with the grounding contour of the building through intermediate connector. Intermediate connectors are also used as a switching device to disconnect the lightning arrester for measuring of grounding device. Grounding rod is made in the form of the external contour of galvinised steel strip 30х4 laid at a depth of 1m. Vertical earth rods are made of galvanized round steel d20мм with a length of 3m
Comments to design solutions:
Preliminary calculation of resistance of grounding device is missing.
Seismic activity in the region. Design solutions. No special design solutions required. Completeness of the as-built documentation:
Documentation on electrical heating system for warm floors provided in full.
Documentation on power supply system (power supply, lighting, grounding and lighting protection) provided in full.
Low current systems.
Design solutions used on construction of private house have been considered based on as-built documentation, as being the most complete among the submitted documentation. Complete set of numbered documentation was not provided.
In accordance with technical design brief the following low current systems have been developed:
Satellite and broadcasting systems
Urban and internal telephone system
Local network
Dispatch system
Completeness of the design documentation:
Technical solutions adopted in design documentation partly meet the technical brief.
There is no sheets with General Information in provided documentation.
Pages with scheme of placing of equipment in server room are missing.
Specification is missing.
Structured cabling system:
Strucutred cabling system provides for organisation and distribution of cable lines of TV, telephone and local (Internet) systems.
Optical communication line connects the main equipment located in the building of the “International school of Dilijan” with stand 19" (power distribution board 1) located in HMH building. Cable subsystem of category 6 is used inside the building. Cable lines in PVC pipe are laid to the connection points of equipment from the stand of power distribution board 1. The location of the connection points is determined by AR section.
Satellite and broadcasting systems:
The main equipment is located in the building of the” International school of Dilijan”. Signal is transmitted by optical cable line to the stand of power distribution board 1, and then with by means of Structures cable system is distributed to the TV receivers.
Urban and internal telephone systems:
The main equipment is located in the building of the” International school of Dilijan”. Signal is transmitted by optical cable line to the stand of power distribution board 1, and then with by means of Structures cable system is distributed to the end receivers.
Local network:
The main equipment is located in the building of the” International school of Dilijan”. Signal is transmitted by optical cable line to the stand of power distribution board 1, and then with by means of Structures cable system is distributed to the end receivers. Desktop computers are connected to the network using a wired connection. To connect mobile devices, Wi-Fi connection is provided
Redundancy of power supply system have to be provided by using UPS (as per technical brief requirement)
There is no cable connections with dispatch system.
Completeness of the as-built documentation:
- Title page is missing;
- Specification is missing;
- No acts of hidden works and acts of acceptance;
- No measurement report;
- Equipment sertificates and technical passports are missing.
Dispatch system:
Completeness of the working documentation:
Documentation has not been provided.
In accordance with the technical design brief MBS system shall provide information about condition of ventilation system, equipment of boiler house and individual heat plant, water supply system (detectors of leackages), power supply and fire alarm systems. Installation of PC is required for carry out visual control.
According to informaion provided, BMS system provided the local operability of ventilation equipment and and equipment of the individual heat plant. Visualisation and systems management is not implemented. Transmission of information on system status, leakeages, fire alarm, public addres and power supply system to the Central control board is missing.
Fire alarm system
Fire alarm system is based on “Nita” and “Apollo” equipment with the use of fire panel “Dozor-1A”. Address analogue annuciators are used as detectors. Heat detectors are used in the boiler house and canteen, optical smoke fire detectors are used in the rest of the premises. Manual fire detectors are installed along the fire escape routes. In case of fire the system generates the signal for disconnection of general ventilation and a signal to the dispatch system.
Water supply and drainage
Design solutions on construction of the residential building are reviewed on the basis of the technical brief provided by the Client, as well as working and as-built documentation. Technical conditions for water supply and water discharge systems (sewage) have not been provided. The following systems have been designed for the private house in accordance with the technical conditions. Domestic and potable water pipeline (В1). Hot water pipeline (Т3) Domestic sewage (К1). Cold water supply is provided from the existing inlets. Water pipeline to the consumers is hidden in the floor and walls structures, and to the boiler for hot water and is insulated with thermal insulation material. Shut-off valves with solenoid valves are provided in the inlets to the toilets to ensure possibility to turn off water by a signal from the leak detectors. Hot water supply is provided from a boiler located in the ground floor in the boiler room. Supply of hot water with temperatures up to 60C is designed to be mixers of sanitary appliances, baths and showers. Laying of a direct and a circulation hot water pipeline is provided. Shut-off valves with solenoid valves are provided in the inlets to the toilets to ensure possibility to turn off water by a signal from the leak detectors.
Domestic wastewater from houses is received in the on-site network with further outlet to the settlement sewer. Domestic sewage is a gravity sewage. Revision holes located at a height of 1m from the floor. Pump Solofit2 C- 3S is provided for sewerage in the laundry on the ground floor. Sewage systems is ventilated through the riser, which is led out to the roof. Design shall be added with the explication of the rooms of the 2nd and ground floors of the house.
System pipelines shall be installed irrespective to availability of technological equipment in accordance with design references and marks; references in the working documentation are missing.
Scheme of water metering unit with water counter installed is missing, water inlet in the building is not indicated. Pass through units of gas pipeline through bearing and enclosing structures are missing as well as pass through the slab structure. Estimation of water consumption represented in the balance of water supply and discharge are made taking into account 6 persons living in the house. (СП 30.13130.2012 table.А2 0,25 m3/24h per 1 person). Information on the number of persons living in the house is missing.
Seismic activity. Design solutions.
Hard sealing of pipes in the walls and foundations of the buildings is not allowed. Holes for pipes pass through in the walls and foundations shall have dimensions that ensure gap around the pipe of not less than 0.2 m. The gap should be filled with elastic fireproof material. Pipe pass through the walls of capacitive structures should be carried out with the use of embedded packing gasket. Flexible connections allowing angular and length travel of pipe ends have to be provided in the inlets in front of metering devices, as well as in the points of pipes connection to pumps and tanks. Installation of compensators have to be provided on hot water supply pipes inside the building, if required and justified by design. Pipelines are allowed to be laid on individual supports and cantilevers fixed to the walls in the underground space or in the basement. Fastening of pipes to the supports shall allow the axial and vertical pipes movement. Casings have to be installed in the point of pipes passage through walls and slabs; hermetic sealing with the rated fire resistance to be ensured, while providing free movements.
1.6. Heating supply and ventilation
Ventilation
To ensure hygienic standards, assimilation of excess of heat and moisture during summer 1 intake and 6 exhaust systems are provided in the private house . П1 system is servicing basement, 1st and 2nd floors of the building. П1 plant is a supply system with heating, cooling and air purification. The supply ducts are laid in the ceiling void or in the floor, air distribution devices are located in the ceilings of the premises; air distribution in the living room (room №07), the office (room №05) and in the bedrooms on the 2nd floor is distributed via floor convector. Exhaust systems В1 and В4 are located in the ceiling void in storage room (room №06) in the basement. No design solutions on engineering services passing through (seal) the walls and slabs Air ducts have to be installed irrespective to availability of technological equipment in accordance with the design references and marks; references are missing in the working documentation. Check the duct sections hidden by the building structures for tightness by the method of aerodynamic testing according to GOST 12.3.018-79, prepare the act of hidden works according to test results in the form of mandatory Appendix 6 of SNiP 3.01.01-85 The general contractor is recommended to carry out balancing of ventilation systems. It is necessary to consider ventilation systems balancing. During the individual testing of ventilation equipment and check of air flow in the premises it is necessary to consider that discrepancy of actual consumption should be +/- 8% from the designed.
Heating.
The boiler room is a heat source for the heating system, and provide supply of water according to the temperature chart 90-70C. Heating system is two-piped according to designed with the collector wiring. Kermi and Zehnder radiators, as well as Kampmann convectors embedded in the floor are used as heating equipment. Indoor thermostats are installed in the rooms for adjustment of the heat transfer of the heating devices and providing the set temperature, and regulating valves with servo drive on the distribution heads. Air is removed from the system through air vents installed on the heating collectors. Radiators layout in accordance with the technical brief to be agreed with the Client.
Working documentation, in general, complies with the technical brief and rules of its execution. Radiators fastening elements are missing in the graphic part of the design.
Firefighting systems Internal fire pipeline.
Information on installation of external fire pipeline (fire hydrants) is missing. No technical conditions provided. The Client is recommended to fulfil the external fire-fighting arrangement for the residential building.
To cover floor slabs, rafter system, and other bearing and enclosing structures with the fire retardant composition. To consider arrangement of internal fire pipeline connected with the domestic water supply as additional fire protection measures.
Boiler room
According to the Client’s technical brief individual boiler room is designed and located on the ground floor of the building. Installed power of boiler is 95 kW. The boiler room is designed for heat supply of radiators, heating of ventilation, heated floors, hot water supply.
Design provides for automatic regulation of temperature in circuits:
heating of the house – according to temperature chart water t 90-70С
heating of floors - according to temperature chart water t 50-40С
hot water supply system – hot water t 55С.
Automatics controls the work of circulation pumps, three way mixer taps of the heating system, floors heating, boiler pump and circulation pump of hot water supply system.
Fireplace
Due to open fire (fireplace) in the combustible building (timber blocking) strict observance of fire-fighting measures are required in accordance with “Fire-fighting requirements on construction and operation of furnaces and fireplaces”. The fireplace is located on the 1st floor of the building between rooms adjacent to the outer wall of the building. The chimney is located inside the building on the 1st floor, then it goes out on the outer side and rises above the roof ridge for more than 500mm. According to the design solution, the fireplace is installed on the concrete pad with a thickness of 360mm. Visual inspection has not been carried out due to impossibility of opening of the finishing. Interior decoration of the fireplace and chimney up to the damper is made of refractory bricks with a thickness of one brick (120 mm). No information on bonding material. Façade of the fireplace is made of ragged travertine tile. The point of connection of wooden structures to the fireplace are protected with fire-resistant mineral wool. Andesite plate (andesite – fire stone) with the width of 500mm along the entire length of the fireplace is installed in front of the fireplace. Above the flap the stove pipe is made of a metal chimney d250мм, wall thickness 0.7 mm. The pipe is insulated with fireproof mineral wool. The pipe is enclosed in a metal frame with the section 950х700мм, coated with the cement chip board and finished with ragged travertine tile. When passing through the wall, the distance to combustible materials is around 150mm.