Project Work on Building Mechanical Safety Requirements

Description of technical design solutions for building mechanical safety for the tender on reconstruction of a public non-residential multi-story building.

construction site safety

Building Safety Solutions

Building structures and foundations possess such strength and stability that during reconstruction and operation there should be no threat of harm to life or health of people, property of individuals or legal entities, state or municipal property, the environment, life and health of animals and plants as a result of:

  1. destruction of individual load-bearing building structures or their parts;
  2. destruction of the entire building, structure or their parts;
  3. deformation of unacceptable magnitude of building structures, building foundation and geological masses of the adjacent territory.

Compliance with mechanical safety requirements in the building's design documentation is justified by calculations confirming that during reconstruction and operation, the building's structures and foundation will not reach the limit state of strength and stability under the considered scenarios of simultaneous action of loads and impacts.

The limit state of building structures and foundation in terms of strength and stability in calculations is characterized by:

  1. destruction of any nature;
  2. loss of shape stability;
  3. loss of position stability;
  4. violation of serviceability and other phenomena associated with threat;
  5. causing harm to life and health of people, property of individuals or legal entities;
  6. state or municipal property, the environment, life and health;
  7. animals and plants.

Calculations of building structures and foundations take into account all types of loads corresponding to the functional purpose and structural solution of the building, climatic, and where necessary technological impacts, as well as forces caused by deformation of building structures and foundation.

ensuring reliable structural solutions

Calculation models (including calculation schemes, basic calculation assumptions) of building structures and foundation reflect the actual working conditions of the building, corresponding to the considered calculation situation. This takes into account:

  1. factors determining the stress-strain state;
  2. features of interaction between elements of building structures and with the foundation;
  3. spatial work of building structures;
  4. geometric and physical nonlinearity;
  5. plastic and rheological properties of materials and soils;
  6. possibility of crack formation;
  7. possible deviations of geometric parameters from their nominal values.

Calculations justifying the safety of adopted structural solutions of the building were carried out taking into account the level of responsibility of the designed building. For this purpose, the calculated values of forces in elements of building structures and foundation of the building or structure are determined taking into account the reliability factor for responsibility, equal to 1.0 - for the designed building of normal responsibility level.

BUILDING FIRE SAFETY

The building is designed so that during operation the possibility of fire is excluded, prevention or limitation of the danger of building smoke in case of fire and the impact of dangerous fire factors on people and property is ensured, protection of people and property from the impact of dangerous fire factors and limitation of the consequences of the impact of dangerous fire factors on the building is ensured, and in case of fire the following requirements are met:

  1. preservation of building stability, as well as strength of load-bearing building structures for the time necessary to evacuate people and perform other actions aimed at reducing damage from fire;
  2. limitation of the formation and spread of dangerous fire factors within the fire source;
  3. non-spread of fire to adjacent buildings and structures;
  4. evacuation of people (taking into account the characteristics of disabled people and other groups of the population with limited mobility) to a safe zone before harm is caused to their life and health due to the impact of dangerous fire factors;
  5. possibility of access for fire department personnel and delivery of fire extinguishing means to any room of the building;
  6. possibility of supplying fire extinguishing substances to the fire source;
  7. possibility of carrying out measures to rescue people and reduce damage caused by fire to property of individuals or legal entities, state or municipal property, the environment, life and health of animals and plants.

To ensure fire safety of the building, the design documentation justifies:

  1. fire break or distance from the designed building to the nearest buildings, structures;
  2. values of fire resistance and fire hazard characteristics of elements of building structures and engineering support systems adopted by the project;
  3. adopted decision on a single fire compartment of the building;
  4. location, dimensions and length of evacuation routes for people (including disabled people and other groups of the population with limited mobility) in case of fire, ensuring smoke protection of evacuation routes, fire hazard characteristics of wall, floor and ceiling finishing materials on evacuation routes, number, location and dimensions of evacuation exits;
  5. characteristics or parameters of fire detection, warning and evacuation management systems in case of fire (taking into account the characteristics of disabled people and other groups of the population with limited mobility);
  6. measures to ensure the possibility of passage and access of fire equipment, safety of access for fire department personnel and supply of fire extinguishing means to the fire source, parameters of fire extinguishing systems, including external and internal fire water supply;
  7. organizational and technical measures to ensure fire safety of the building or structure during their construction and operation.

SAFE FOR HUMAN HEALTH CONDITIONS OF STAY IN PUBLIC BUILDING

The building is designed so that when staying in the public building, no harmful impact on humans will occur as a result of physical, biological, chemical, radiation and other impacts.

In the public building during operation, safe conditions for human stay in the building are ensured according to the following indicators:

  1. air quality in residential and other premises of the building;
  2. quality of water used as drinking water and for domestic needs;
  3. insolation and sun protection of public premises;
  4. natural and artificial lighting of premises;
  5. protection from noise in public premises;
  6. microclimate of premises;
  7. regulation of humidity on the surface and inside building structures;
  8. vibration level in public premises of the building;
  9. level of electromagnetic field intensity in public premises;
  10. level of ionizing radiation in public premises.

To ensure compliance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements, the design documentation of the building provides for the installation of water supply, sewerage, heating, ventilation, and power supply systems.

Ventilation system and limitation of penetration of harmful substances.

The building design documentation provides for equipment with a forced ventilation system. Air ventilation systems ensure the supply of air without harmful substances into the premises.

The building design documentation provides for measures to:

  1. limit the penetration of dust, moisture, harmful and unpleasant-smelling substances from the atmospheric air into the premises;
  2. ensure air exchange sufficient for timely removal of harmful substances from the air and maintaining the chemical composition of the air in proportions favorable for human life;
  3. prevent the penetration of harmful and unpleasant-smelling substances from sewerage, heating, ventilation system pipelines and devices, from air ducts and technological pipelines into premises with permanent stay of people;
  4. prevent the penetration of soil gases (radon, methane) into the premises.
Water supply system

The design documentation of internal building water supply networks, used as drinking water and for domestic needs, provides for measures to ensure the supply of the required amount of water and prevent its contamination.

Insolation

The building is designed so that sufficient duration of insolation is provided in the premises to create safe conditions of stay regardless of its duration. Compliance with regulatory requirements for insolation of premises is ensured by measures for orientation of premises to the cardinal directions, as well as measures of structural and planning nature, including for improvement of the adjacent territory.

Lighting

In above-ground floors of the building, premises with permanent stay of people are provided with natural or combined, as well as artificial lighting by the project, and in underground floors - artificial lighting sufficient to prevent the threat of harm to people's health. The project provides for devices for external lighting.

Noise protection

Placement of the building on the site, design values of characteristics of building structures, characteristics of types of engineering equipment adopted in the design documentation, measures for improvement of the adjacent territory provided for in the design documentation ensure protection of people from:

  1. airborne noise created by external sources (outside the building);
  2. airborne noise created in other premises of the building;
  3. impact noise;
  4. noise created by engineering equipment.

Moisture protection

The building design documentation provides for structural solutions ensuring:

  • water drainage from external surfaces of enclosing building structures, including the roof, and from underground building structures of the building and structure;
  • waterproofness of the roof, external walls, ceilings, as well as walls of the technical basement and floors on the ground;
  • prevention of condensation formation on the internal surface of enclosing building structures, except for transparent parts of windows and stained-glass windows.

Vibration protection

The design documentation provides for protection of public premises from vibration that may arise from the operation of engineering equipment. All equipment that creates vibration is installed on foundations that dampen vibration.

Protection from electromagnetic field exposure

In the building reconstruction area, the maximum permissible levels of electromagnetic field intensity created by AC power lines and transmitting radio engineering objects are not exceeded.

Protection from ionizing radiation

Engineering and geological surveys of the site did not reveal increased radon content in the soil. The design documentation provides for the use during construction of materials and products with an indicator of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides that does not exceed the maximum value established based on the need to ensure requirements of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population.

Ensuring requirements for premises microclimate

The building design documentation defines the values of characteristics of enclosing structures and adopted structural solutions ensuring compliance of the calculated values of the following thermal engineering characteristics with the required values established based on the need to create favorable sanitary and hygienic conditions in the premises during the heating period;

  1. thermal stability of enclosing building structures in the warm period of the year and premises of the building or structure in the cold period of the year;
  2. resistance to air permeability of enclosing building structures;
  3. resistance to vapor permeability of enclosing building structures;
  4. heat absorption of floor surfaces.

The building design documentation provides for measures to prevent overwetting of enclosing building structures, accumulation of moisture on their surface and to ensure the durability of these structures. Heating, air ventilation systems and the requirements for their operation mode established in the design documentation ensure, with the project-adopted calculated values of thermal engineering characteristics of enclosing building structures, compliance of the calculated values of premises microclimate parameters with the required values for warm, cold and transitional periods of the year, established based on the need to create favorable sanitary and hygienic conditions. The technical solutions of the heating system provide for the possibility of autonomous regulation of premises microclimate parameters.

The building design documentation also provides for technical solutions to ensure thermal and hydraulic stability of heating systems during changes in external and internal operating conditions of the building throughout all periods of the year.

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDING VISITORS

The building is designed, and the site where reconstruction is planned is improved in such a way that during operation of the building there should be no threat of accidents and injuries to people - users of the buildings as a result of slipping, falling, collision, burn, electric shock, as well as due to explosion.

Parameters of elements of building structures, the values of which in the design documentation are provided in such a way as to minimize the likelihood of accidents and injuries to people (taking into account disabled people and other groups of the population with limited mobility) when moving around the building and adjacent territory as a result of slipping, falling or collision, are:

  1. height of fencing of roofs, stair flights, platforms and open pits near the building, differences in floor level or ground level on the adjacent territory;
  2. slope of stairs and ramps, width of treads and height of steps on stairs, height of ascent per one continuous stair flight and ramp. Steps of different heights are not used within one stair flight. Handrails and railings on fences of stairs, ramps and stair platforms are continuous;
  3. height of thresholds, door and unfilled openings in walls on people movement routes, passage height on stairs, technical basement, attic, height of passages under elements of building structures or equipment protruding from above and on the sides of the people movement route.

The design of fences limits the possibility of accidental falling from a height (including from building roofs) of objects that can cause injury to people located under the fenced structural element.

To ensure free movement of people, as well as the possibility of evacuation of patients on stretchers, disabled people using wheelchairs, and other groups of the population with limited mobility, sufficient width of door and unfilled openings in walls is provided.

The building design documentation provides for:

  1. window design ensuring their safe operation, including washing and cleaning of external surfaces;
  2. devices to prevent accidental falling of people from window openings (in cases where the bottom of the opening is below the height of the center of gravity of most adults);
  3. sufficient lighting of people movement routes and vehicle routes.

Building design solutions to ensure accessibility of the building for disabled people and other groups of the population with limited mobility ensure their reachability of visited places and unimpeded movement inside these premises.

To prevent burns when using elements of engineering support networks or systems, the design documentation provides for limitation of the temperature of surfaces of accessible parts of heating appliances and supply pipelines of heating and the installation of fences preventing contact of people with these parts;

limitation of hot water temperature in the hot water supply system.

To prevent electric shock to people, design solutions should provide measures to ensure safety of electrical installations. The design documentation provides for measures to prevent accidents and injuries to people as a result of explosions, including:

  1. compliance with safety rules for the installation of heating, hot water supply systems;
  2. regulation of heating temperature and pressure in hot water supply and heating systems.

To ensure safety in emergency situations, the design documentation provides for emergency lighting.

REQUIREMENTS FOR ENSURING ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF THE BUILDING

The design documentation provides for solutions for individual elements, building structures of the building, properties of such elements and building structures, as well as for devices, materials used in the building, allowing to exclude irrational consumption of energy resources during building operation. The building is provided with meters for accounting of used energy resources.

REQUIREMENTS FOR SAFE LEVEL OF BUILDING IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT

The building is designed in such a way that during its reconstruction and operation there will be no threat of negative impact on the environment.