Design of the heating and ventilation system HVAC of elite residential complex
Our design organization has developed working documentation for the RD of the heating and ventilation system of HVAC for the residential complex of elite residential complex with underground parking.
DESIGNING HEATING VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
The project was developed on the basis of architectural and construction drawings and the Customer’s assignment, in accordance with the regulatory documents in force in the territory of the Russian Federation:
- Federal law of December 29, 2004. No. 190-FZ "Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation";
- Federal law of December 30, 2009. № 384-ФЗ 'Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures ";
- Federal law of July 22, 2008. No. 123-ФЗ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" (as amended on 10.07.2012g.);
- Federal Law of November 23, 2009. No. 261-FZ "On Energy Saving and Increasing Energy Efficiency" (as amended on 12/25/2012);
- Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation on February 16, 2008. № 87 "On the composition of the sections of the project documentation and the requirements for their content" (edition of 02.08.2012g);
- GOST 21.1101-2009 "Basic requirements for design and working documentation";
- SP 54.13330.2011 "Residential apartment buildings. Updated version of SNiP 31-01-2003";
- SP 118.13330.2012 "Public buildings and constructions. Updated version of SNiP 31-06-2009".
- SP 113.13330.2012 "Parking lots. Updated edition of SNiP 21-02-99 *";
- SP 60.13330.2012 "Heating, ventilation, air conditioning";
- SP 7.13130.2009 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Fire-prevention requirements";
- MDS 41-1.99 "Recommendations for smoke protection in case of fire";
- SNiP 23-01-99 "Building climatology";
- GOST 30494-2011 "Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters";
- SNiP 41-02-2003 "Heat networks";
- SNiP 23-02-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings";
- SNiP 23-03-2003 "Protection against noise";
- SP 41-105-95 "Design of heat points";
- SP 44.13330.2011 "Administrative and residential buildings";
- GOST 12.1.004-91 "Fire safety. General requirements";
- SP 59.13330.2012 "Accessibility of buildings and structures for small-scale population groups.
Updated version of SNiP 35-01-2001 ";
and other regulatory documents, as well as based on the experience and features of construction in Moscow and the Moscow region.
Initial data:
The design parameters of the outdoor air for the calculation of heating and ventilation networks in accordance with SNiP 23-01-99 * in Moscow are taken: for ventilation systems:
- in the warm period of the year t н = + 22.6 ° С, J n = + 49.4 kJ / kg;
- in the cold period of the year t н = -28 ° С, J n = -27 kJ / kg; for air conditioning systems:
- in the warm period of the year t н = + 28.5 ° С; for water heating systems:
- outside air temperature t н = -28 ° С;
- duration of the heating period - 214 days;
- the average temperature of the heating period is 3.1 ° C;
The design parameters of indoor air, supported by the heating system, are taken:
Living sector
+ 18-20 ° С + 20-22 ° С + 19-2ГС + 19-21 ° С + 24-26 ° С + 16-18 ° С
- entrance lobby
- living room
- kitchen
- restroom
- bathroom, combined bathroom
- storerooms
Built-in rooms
- offices, administrative premises
- Technical buildings
+ 22 ° С + 16 ° С
There is a premise of the input unit, where the distribution combs of heating and ventilation systems are installed. At the entrance to the premises are installed metering stations heat subscriber. Heat carrier parameters are taken for:
- ventilation systems 95-70 ° С;
- heating systems 90-65 ° С.
The systems are connected according to independent schemes, through plate heat exchangers.
SECTION OF THE PROJECT HEATING
The main criterion in the development of engineering systems and the choice of equipment is energy savings without reducing the level of comfort, compliance with the decisions made in the draft regulatory requirements.
The heating system of buildings consists of several independent heating branches coming from the comb located in the input unit, and can be turned off and, if necessary, emptyed independently of the other branch on the comb. To do this, on the heating comb on the branches to the branches of the heating system is installed shut-off and drain fittings. For the hydraulic stability of the circuits of heating systems on the return pipelines of the branches, automatic balancing valves of the company "Danfoss" are installed on the comb. For the convenience of setting up and operating systems, indicating manometers and thermometers are installed on each branch of the heating comb. The heating system of the residential part of the adopted two-pipe, apartment.
In the interroom corridor, risers are laid with the installation of heating cabinets on each floor. On the combs of the floor heating cabinets, heat meters are installed with possible dispatching according to the protocol for transferring data to the control room, as well as filters and balancing valves for easy commissioning and operation of apartment systems. The floor horizontal wiring of heating from the floor heating cabinet to the apartment heating appliances is performed in the floor. The heating system is designed with lower bottling, with wiring of highways in the basement of a residential building or in a parking lot. For the convenience of hydraulic adjustment of heating devices in the apartments are installed apartment heating cabinets with shut-off, drain and regulating valves. Lockers are installed in bathrooms or hallways.
In apartments, floor-mounted convectors with natural convection are provided as heating devices. The noise level from floor convectors built into the floor does not exceed the CERB at night. On the supply lines to the heating devices, automatic thermostats are installed. Compact radiators are installed at the height of at least 2.2 m from the floor as heaters for the staircases of the residential part. To regulate the heat transfer of ladder heaters on their connections to them, install Danfoss control valves of increased resistance without installing thermostatic heads. The heating system for non-residential premises is double-pipe horizontal with lower bottling, with floor-by-floor wiring to floor heating devices. As radiators in all rooms, steel radiators with bottom connection are installed. In the case of stained glass to the floor, convectors were used as heating devices. On the supply lines to the heating devices, automatic thermostats are installed.
For built-in premises, installation of individual heat consumption meters at the collector of the Danfoss company is provided for each consumer. The main pipelines of heating systems, vertical branch lines are made of steel galvanized water and gas pipes according to GOST 3262-75 * with a diameter up to 57 mm and from otalnye eyaetsrosvarnyh pipes according to GOST 10704-91 with a diameter of pipes more than 57 mm. Horizontal floors should be made of plastic pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene in the PEX-A floor (REHAU). Highways, vertical risers, and wiring in the floors of the heating system are thermally insulated with K-flex insulation. The thickness of the insulation of highways, heating pipes is at least 13 mm, and the thickness of the insulation of pipes laid in the floor is at least 6 mm. Installation of automatic air vent valves and Mayevsky cranes on the devices is provided at the upper points of the systems, and drain valves are installed at the lower points of the systems.
SECTION OF DESIGN DOCUMENTATION VENTILATION
In residential premises, supply and exhaust ventilation with mechanical induction is designed on the basis of supply and exhaust installations with air recovery, separate for each apartment. Installations are located in the space of the access ceiling of the apartment corridor. Installations are selected with the ability to turn off in case of fire. Distribution of supply and exhaust systems on the floor is carried out only to the apartment. Apartment wiring is done by residents. Exhaust air flow rates are based on standardized specific consumption (restroom - 25 m3 / h, combined with / from - 50 m3 / h, kitchens - bHL / h).
The ventilation system of the residential part is made of galvanized steel according to GOST. For built-in rental areas, technical and utility rooms of the building, the project provides for separate supply and exhaust ventilation systems with mechanical induction.
The flow rates of the supply air are determined:
• for premises with permanent staff stay - by specific (per person) air amount 60 m3 / h - the minimum flow rate of outdoor air according to SP 60.13330.2012 at the rate of 6m2 per person;
• for technical premises, without permanent stay of people with excessive heat gains by calculating the heat assimilation to ensure acceptable internal air temperatures;
• for the rest of the premises from the condition of providing normalized air exchange rates.
The air handling units of the systems under consideration are located in the ventilation chambers at the level of -1 floor. The organization of air exchange in the premises is adopted according to the "top-up" scheme with the use of air distributors regulated along the direction of the jets and by the volume of the air flow. Constructive decisions on public ventilation systems are made taking into account the requirements of current regulatory documents. Ventilation systems serving the premises with year-round operation are provided with redundant installations to ensure, at the failure of one of the installations, at least 50% of the required air exchange and the set temperature. Air intakes and air emissions systems are placed in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 7.3 of the joint venture 60.13330.2012.
Air ducts of general ventilation systems are made of galvanized steel according to GOST 19904-90 / GOST 14918-14918-80 with a connection on the nipples or flanges with rubber gasket seals. Air ducts outside the serviced areas are made with a density of class "P", while the laying of transit ducts is provided mainly in separate mines. The entrances to the residential building are equipped with air-heat curtains with electric heating. Air conditioning in the premises of the designed facility is carried out on the basis of two-pipe VRV-systems. On the roof of the building, it is planned to install one outdoor unit for each apartment and set up the heat pipelines to the apartments. Installation of outdoor units of leased premises is provided on the roof with wiring freonoprovod to the rented premises with the installation of valves. The installation of VRV-system indoor units is carried out by tenants and tenants. For the selection of refrigeration equipment, the outdoor temperature in the warm period of the year is assumed to be + 35 ° С.
FIRE-FIGHTING PROTECTION
Smoke protection of the building is provided to ensure the safe evacuation of people and ensures the creation of the necessary conditions for fire departments during rescue work, detection and extinguishing of the source of possible fire. The structure and parameters of fire ventilation systems are designed to meet the requirements of STU and SP 7.13130.2013. In the event of a fire to prevent the spread of smoke, it is provided for automatic activation of air overpressure and smoke removal systems.
Air pressure systems are equipped with:
• an elevator shaft for the transportation of fire departments;
• fireproof zone;
• Smoke-free staircase;
• smoke removal compensation.
Backwater systems are automatically activated when a fire occurs from a fire alarm detector. Ventilation installations of air overpressure systems are located in separate ventilation chambers.
Smoke removal is provided for:
• from the floor corridors of a residential house;
• from the corridors in the storage area.
Turning on the fan and opening the smoke removal valve is provided automatically from the sensors of the detectors located under the ceiling. The inclusion of smoke removal systems is ahead of the launch of backwater systems for at least 20 seconds. The smoke protection system of a dwelling house provides for automatic opening of smoke removal valves on a certain floor by impulse from the fire alarm system with simultaneous activation of smoke removal fans and deferred activation of air overpressure fans in the elevator shaft, non-smokeable staircase, in the safety zone and air suppression fans for air compensation, removed by smoke exhaust systems in case of fire. The lift shaft for fire departments is equipped with an independent air suppression system.
Smoke receivers of emergency exits.
The smoke exhaust fan, when the supply and exhaust ventilation systems are activated, supports that are also filled with non-combustible material of the intersected construction at the intersection of the inter-floor mines. metal, tightness class "P". The fire alarm sensors of the project provide for the automatic shutdown of ventilation and air conditioning and the inclusion of smoke exhaust systems in operation and can be turned on from the corresponding start buttons by engineering communications (including communication and fire prevention barriers (walls, partitions, ceilings) voids with fire resistance material, corresponding to fire resistance.
ACTIVITIES FOR NOISE IMPROVEMENT
To prevent the spread of aerodynamic noise from fan units through ducts, it is provided to install silencers on the intake air intake, exhaust air discharge and after the supply and exhaust fans from the network side. To prevent vibrations, all fans are mounted on vibration isolators. Equipment binding by air ducts and pipelines is carried out through flexible inserts and rubber vibration isolators. All pumps are installed on vibration isolators. A rigid rubber is installed under the pump foundations to prevent the transmission of vibrations to the structure. Enclosing structures for equipment are soundproofed.
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
Installation of systems to produce according to SP 73.13330.2012 "Internal sanitary systems (SNiP 3.05.1-85), in accordance with the requirements of standards, technical conditions, as well as instructions of manufacturers of installed equipment. If you can not purchase equipment specified in the specification, it is allowed to be replaced by domestic or imported analogue with the corresponding characteristics. The passage of transit ducts through walls, partitions and floors of buildings should be sealed with non-combustible materials, ensuring fire protection limit of the intersected structure. Duct protection by applying a fire retardant coating is made in accordance with the CPD. The laboratory control method should be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer’s technical recommendations. Air ducts and ventilation equipment should be examined, 11. 08. suspended ceilings, etc. The results of acceptance of work hidden by subsequent works, in accordance with the requirements of the project and regulatory documents AI documented the act)