Automatic Fire Detection System for Premises
As a result of the design process, working documentation has been developed for equipping the shopping and entertainment center with a fire alarm system.
Equipment with Designed Fire Alarm System
Alarm System Documentation
The project provides for equipping the shopping center with a fire occurrence alarm system. In accordance with the design assignment and current regulations, the fire alarm system is designed for early stage detection of fire sources by smoke and manual fire detectors, and for managing engineering networks during fire incidents in the underground parking garage of the shopping complex.
After detecting fires, the alarm system provides output of control commands to the evacuation warning and control system, to equipment related to access control and restriction, and to the automatic fire protection system, which provides management of the building's engineering networks involved during fire incidents.
In ventilation chambers and other engineering equipment rooms of the shopping center where there are no combustible materials, as well as in rooms with wet processes, automatic fire alarm is not provided.
SYSTEM PURPOSE AND MAIN SOLUTIONS ADOPTED IN THE PROJECT
The automatic fire alarm system for the shopping center object is developed based on the Customer's assignment and current regulations and is divided into subsystems: Subsystem PS1 - underground parking garage, designed in this project.
In accordance with building standards for car parks, subsystem PS1 is designed as autonomous from other building systems based on addressable analog equipment. The alarm system is organized based on an addressable analog fire control panel.
Stationary central equipment of the alarm system includes:
- Fire control panel ARK1
- Control modules for evacuation warning and control equipment, unlocking of evacuation routes on access control systems. The stationary central equipment of subsystem PS1 is located in the security room on floor -1.
Subsystem PS1 is designed for early detection of fire sources in the protected premises of the parking garage and outputting signals, in case of fire:
- to activate type 4 evacuation warning system
- to the access control system (unlocking evacuation doors)
- to the automatic fire protection installation of the parking garage
- output of Fire signal to emergency services post
- For automatic fire detection in the premises of the parking garage, analog (non-addressable) smoke (opto-electronic) addressable detectors are provided.
The smoke detector features sensitivity stabilization with the possibility of precise setting of three levels. It also has an automated performance monitoring function. Monitoring of the relative value of the controlled parameter is carried out via a multifunctional remote control.
The detector implements an algorithm for automatic compensation of dust accumulation in the smoke chamber with the possibility of monitoring its level. Testing of the detector is possible from a distance of up to 6 m with a laser tester. An extended operating temperature range from -30°C to +70°C, seismic resistance up to 8 points.
- Smoke detectors are mounted in the shopping center using mounting bases openly on the ceiling.
- Loops with smoke addressable detectors are connected to interface, addressable analog sub-loop modules.
- Technical purpose premises of the shopping center are equipped with addressable analog smoke detectors.
Smoke detectors contain a sensitive optical chamber and operate on the light scattering principle, operating voltage 15-28 V DC. Indicators and switches:
- 2 LEDs visible at an angle of up to 360°
- LEDs flash in normal mode and are fixed in fire alarm state
- If necessary, LED flashing can be disabled
- Two-decade switches for setting sensor addresses 01-99.
- Smoke detectors are mounted using mounting bases openly on the ceiling and false ceilings of the shopping center.
- On evacuation routes, at each exit and on stairwells of the shopping center at a height of 1.5 m from the finished floor level on the wall, addressable manual call points are installed in surface mounting boxes. Manual call points are included in ring-type loops. The distance inside the parking garage between manual call points does not exceed 50 m.
- For localization of short-circuited sections of the loop, built-in isolation blocks in monitoring modules are used.
- Addressable analog manual call points, monitoring modules, sub-loop modules are included in the alarm loops of the station designated ARK. Type of alarm loop - ring
Station Equipment of Subsystem PS1
The control panel ARK provides:
- reliable and fast activation of detectors and determination of the exact location of fire occurrence
- adjustment of the activation threshold of each addressable analog detector depending on contamination with indication of limit state
- continuous diagnostics of end devices and alarm loops for break or short circuit detection
- appropriate sound and light signaling
The control panel ARK is networked via an internal ring interface between all control stations of the shopping center object. The network can support up to 100 nodes and a maximum of 32 control panels connected using network boards.
The network boards combine high speed and robust communication, providing the possibility of programming causes and effects across the entire network of control panels. The network of control panels of the shopping center object is combined with a graphical user interface in the building management system, data exchange is carried out through an open protocol.
The interface communication channel allows displaying messages about failures of each individual sensor/module on the workstation screen in both text and graphic formats. The organization of the automatic fire protection subsystem is provided integrated with the automatic fire alarm, through control and monitoring modules included in the addressable analog alarm loops of panel ARK1.
OPERATIONAL SCENARIOS
Standby Mode
Automatic monitoring of addressable alarm loops for break or short circuit with transmission of all status information to the control panel ARK1
- Automatic monitoring for break and short circuit of connecting lines.
- Automatic diagnostics of the status of addressable analog smoke detectors.
Fire Mode
Automatic addressable detectors are combined into the following logical groups:
Group 1. Addressable analog smoke detectors installed in the premises of the parking garage not in smoke removal zones.
Group 2. Analog smoke detectors installed in fire compartments of the parking garage and ramp. (in smoke removal zones)
Group 3. - Addressable analog manual call points installed at external exits, evacuation routes, staircases.
Fire Signal in 1st group:
Forms a signal when one or more detectors in the group are activated:
- Shutdown of supply and exhaust ventilation with closing of fire dampers on all floors of the parking garage,
- Shutdown of air heating
- Activation of the evacuation warning and control system of the parking garage
- Elevating lifts to the first evacuation floor
- Closing fire gates, activating air curtains - for isolating the ramp
- Unlocking evacuation doors
- Light and sound signaling with output of fire zones on the LCD display of panel ARK1 and monitor of workstation installed in the dispatch room of the block
- Transmission of signal to emergency services via telephone line from the dispatch room of the block.
- Documentation, archiving of platform status and, if necessary, output to printer.
Fire Signal in 2nd group
Forms a signal when one or more analog smoke detectors are activated simultaneously in 2 loops:
- Shutdown of supply and exhaust ventilation with closing of fire dampers on all floors of the parking garage
- Shutdown of air heating
- Activation of air pressurization system with opening of pressurization valves
- Activation of smoke removal machines with opening of zone smoke removal valves
- Activation of evacuation warning and control system of the parking garage
- Elevating lifts to the first evacuation floor
- Activation of deluge curtains related to automatic fire extinguishing
- Closing fire-resistant gates, activating air curtains - for isolating the ramp
- Unlocking evacuation doors
- Light and sound signaling with output of fire zones on the LCD display of panel ARK1 and monitor of workstation installed in the dispatch room of the block
- Transmission of Fire signal to emergency services via telephone line from the dispatch room of the block.
- Documentation, archiving of equipment complex status and, if necessary, output to printer.
Fire Signal in 3rd group
Forms a signal when one or more manual call points in the group are activated:
- Shutdown of supply and exhaust ventilation with closing of fire dampers on all floors of the parking garage,
- Shutdown of air heating
- Activation of air pressurization machines with opening of pressurization valves
- Activation of smoke removal equipment with opening of zone smoke removal valves
- Activation of evacuation warning and control systems of the parking garage
- Elevating lifts to the first evacuation floor
- Activation of deluge curtains from the automatic fire extinguishing section
- Closing fire gates, activating air curtains - for isolating the ramp
- Unlocking evacuation doors
- Light and sound signaling with output of fire zones on the LCD display of panel ARK and monitor of workstation installed in the dispatch room of the block
- Transmission of signal to fire protection services via telephone line from the dispatch room of the block.
- Documentation, archiving of device complex status and, if necessary, output to printer.
SHOPPING CENTER CABLE NETWORK
Ring addressable alarm loops are executed:
as open wiring along ceilings behind false ceilings with shielded cable in non-combustible sheath of red color in PVC pipes, metal trays using standard accessories and fasteners. Pipe fastening is performed with clip latches fixed using galvanized self-tapping screws in plastic dowels.
Analog alarm loops of the parking garage and monitoring lines are executed:
As open wiring along ceilings with shielded non-combustible cable in sheath of red color in PVC pipes using standard accessories and fasteners. Pipe fastening is performed with clip latches fixed using galvanized self-tapping screws in plastic dowels.
Interface lines are executed:
- as open wiring along ceilings with shielded non-combustible cable in sheath of red color in PVC pipes, metal trays using standard accessories and fasteners. Pipe fastening is performed with clip latches fixed using galvanized self-tapping screws in plastic dowels
- It is not allowed to lay alarm loops and connecting lines in the same cable channels with circuits with voltage over 60 V.
- With parallel open laying, the distance between wires and cables of fire alarm loops and connecting lines and power and lighting wires must be at least 0.25 m.
- With parallel laying, the distance from cables to pipelines must be at least 100 mm.
- When crossing cables with pipelines, the distance between them must be at least 250 mm.
- When laying along the ceiling, the distance from cable wiring to walls and to the ceiling when laying along the wall parallel to the floor must be at least 100 mm.
Laying of cables in risers to be performed in metal pipes. Passages of cables through walls and partitions are performed in sections of PVC pipes fixed in holes using cement mortar.
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM POWER SUPPLY
The automatic fire alarm system of the shopping center in terms of power supply reliability belongs to consumers of I category of reliability and must have a power source corresponding to these requirements. Power supply of the automatic fire alarm system devices is carried out from power distribution boards accounted for in the "Internal Electrical Equipment" section. For the period of loss of AC power in the network, voltage will be supplied to the devices from built-in battery packs.