Developed a fire safety measures project for a cinema center
Our design organization has developed a fire safety measures project for a cinema center.
FIRE SAFETY MEASURES DESIGN
Fire Safety Measures
Design of fire protection for the cinema complex area should be completed in full accordance with the following requirements:
Develop complete design documentation for the following fire protection systems, which are part of the integrated fire protection systems of the entire building, and develop measures and perform calculations ensuring and confirming the safety of visitors and their safe evacuation in case of fire and other emergencies: Supplement the special technical conditions for designing the building's fire protection with requirements for cinema hall finishes regarding materials with necessary acoustic properties, for which fire safety requirements are not established.
In this regard, the Special Technical Conditions for designing the shopping center's fire protection should reflect the use of the aforementioned materials and provide for necessary compensating measures. Make the following changes to the STC regarding deviations from current fire safety standards for the cinema complex area:
A second evacuation exit from cinema halls is provided through premises designed for simultaneous occupancy of more than 50 people (cinema foyer);
In section 5 of the STC, specify requirements for protecting the open entrance group with fire protection (deluge curtain, sprinklers, smoke barrier, areas free of fire load, etc.). The entrance group is an open opening where non-combustible material roller shutters with electric drive are installed, which must be in the open position during visitor presence.
Perform calculations to assess the level of people safety assurance and fire risk assessment, in accordance with Federal Law and government regulations;
Fire Alarm System
Automatic Fire Alarm with a backup fire panel for the cinema complex (based on spot and linear optical smoke addressable detectors) - for all premises except those specified in the fire safety codes.
To protect cinema halls, linear smoke fire detectors with dark housings are used. Equip premises with manual fire call points according to fire safety codes, also equip cinema hall exits and dead-end corridors with these detectors. Install manual call points at 1500 mm height from floor level.
Install spot smoke fire detectors on ceiling slabs and suspended ceilings according to the ceiling design project and considering the location of engineering systems and installation instructions. In rooms with false ceilings, install spot smoke fire detectors on load-bearing structures. The number of fire detectors in premises should consider fire safety code requirements and STC.
To ensure generation of control signals for notification systems, smoke protection equipment, general ventilation and air conditioning, engineering equipment involved in ensuring cinema complex fire safety, and generation of commands to disconnect power to consumers interlocked with fire automation, the project provides for protection of the above-ceiling space with fire alarm detectors.
When placing fire detectors under raised floors, above false ceilings and in other inaccessible locations, the possibility to determine the location of activated detectors must be ensured. The construction of raised floor and false ceiling structures must provide access to fire detectors for maintenance.
Automatic sprinkler water fire extinguishing - for all premises except where water extinguishing is unacceptable (electrical rooms, server rooms). For electrical and server rooms, design powder and gas automatic fire extinguishing systems respectively.
Pipelines for automatic sprinkler water fire extinguishing should use non-galvanized steel pipes with mandatory priming and painting with two layers of green oil paint. Color change is possible with additional approval.
For suspended ceilings in visitor areas (foyer, inter-hall corridors, bar areas, rest areas) provide installation of concealed sprinkler heads for suspended ceilings.
In locations where there is risk of mechanical damage to sprinklers, they should be protected with special protective devices that don't worsen irrigation intensity and uniformity.
If STC doesn't directly require protection of above-ceiling space with sprinklers, the explanatory note should justify the adopted design solutions and reflect necessary fire load calculations in accordance with requirements.
Fire Water Supply System
Fire water supply with fire cabinets equipped with firefighting equipment.
Cabinet types - wall-mounted and built-in, closed red color, with separate compartments for fire hoses and fire extinguishers. Cabinet types are coordinated with the Tenant. Fire cabinets provide for installation of 2 fire extinguishers.
Cabinets are installed on walls, on columns, considering the design project. Water flow parameters for internal fire water supply are determined according to STC and other current fire safety standards during design stage.
Fire Alarm and Evacuation Control System (not lower than type 4) with automatic activation from command pulses generated by automatic fire alarm - install voice notification devices in all areas of permanent and temporary people presence. In cinema halls, install wall-mounted black speakers, in other cinema complex premises - ceiling-mounted light color speakers.
In cinema halls, provide combination of voice notification devices with visual ones. As visual notification devices, use "Fire" signs that activate simultaneously with voice notification devices. Installation of voice notification devices in protected premises should exclude concentration and uneven distribution of reflected sound.
The number, placement and power of voice notification devices should ensure sound level in all areas of permanent and temporary people presence considering requirements. To ensure feedback from notification zones to the fire post, provide installation of call panels. Install call panels before stairwell entrances and in security room.
Smoke protection system, with automatic control from command pulses generated by automatic fire alarm installation, and also manually activated remotely, for the following premises:
- separately for each cinema hall;
- foyer and distribution corridors;
- evacuation corridors;
- office part;
- film projection room;
- other premises without natural lighting.
Installation of exhaust smoke ventilation should be done with drops to the finished ceiling level and installation of smoke intake devices - grille and damper, in full accordance with ventilation codes.
Air pressurization of evacuation stairwells and elevator shafts, "safety corridors"; Air intake shafts of supply smoke ventilation should have fire resistance limits not less than corresponding fire resistance limits of crossed barriers.
For premises subject to smoke removal protection, provide compensation of removed air. Make these systems separate for each cinema hall. System of automatic fire dampers on ventilation ducts of general and local ventilation systems with remote electric activation to standby mode, and also manually at installation locations.
Automation system ensuring automatic power disconnection of ventilation units and closing of fire dampers on ventilation ducts of general and local ventilation systems, unlocking of electromagnetic locks on evacuation doors in case of fire, from command pulses generated by automatic fire alarm.
Emergency evacuation and backup lighting system, in full, for shared areas, using luminaires with battery packs, automatically activated when main lighting power is discontinued;
"Exit" light indicators, in full, for shared areas and evacuation fire safety signs indicating direction of movement, connected to emergency evacuation lighting network, using luminaires with battery packs: These light indicators must be constantly illuminated;
Premises should be equipped with primary fire extinguishing means according to requirements of Fire Regulations.
Cable Line Installation Requirements
Fire alarm and notification system cable lines should be executed with fire-resistant cables with copper conductors, non-propagating combustion with low smoke and gas emission or halogen-free according to requirements of fire safety codes.
Horizontal cable routing for fire alarm and notification system through corridors and premises with false ceilings should be done in the false ceiling space with cables of required cross-section in appropriate PVC corrugated conduit. Conduit should be fixed to main ceiling with pipe fasteners. Through building structures, cable should be laid in segments of thin-walled metal pipe.
Horizontal cable routing for fire alarm and notification system through premises without false ceilings should be done with cables of required cross-section in electrical duct, fixed to main ceiling or walls. Cable routes through corridors should be laid in low-current wire tray. Vertical cable routes should be done through low-current riser with fixation to cable support.
Drops to fire detectors should be done concealed in wall chases or voids in PVC corrugated conduit vertically. Direct connection of fire detectors should be done through junction boxes. Route laying should follow fire safety codes and Electrical Installation Rules. Power supply wire to current-consuming equipment should be executed with cable in appropriate PVC corrugated conduit.
When developing Special Technical Conditions for designing fire protection and adopting design solutions, use regulatory legal acts on fire safety and regulatory documents, state standards, building codes and regulations;
When developing Special Technical Conditions for designing fire safety measures and adopting design solutions, consider the presence of above-ceiling space and the need to ensure its protection through construction fire safety measures;
Special Technical Conditions for designing fire safety measures, and all design solutions should be coordinated with the Tenant, and then, in established legal procedure, with state supervisory authorities;
Design and install in security room a backup fire control panel, without manual and automatic fire protection control functions, with connection to the building's central fire control panel, and exporting signals from the zone's fire detectors to the backup panel. The backup panel should provide audio and visual fire alarm signals with decoding by directions or premises;
From the building's central fire control panel, lay cables:
- to cinema complex security room, and provide transmission of command pulse from automatic fire extinguishing system (in case of fire) for unlocking electromagnetic locks of zone evacuation doors;
- to cinema complex duty administrator room, and provide transmission of command pulse from automatic fire extinguishing system (in case of fire) for disconnecting audio equipment of music broadcast in foyer.
Separate the notification system into individual zones, equipped with feedback posts with dispatcher. Provide design and technical solutions allowing to exclude possible cases of activating building notification in halls and foyer during film screenings during its checking, repair, testing, etc., and also exclude constant broadcast of informational, advertising and musical signals in foyer and cinema halls.
Ensure automatic activation of zone notification upon corresponding "alarm" state of fire alarm.
Fire Protection Power Supply
Technical means of fire protection systems should be powered from single-phase industrial network of first reliability category. Maximum power consumption is determined during project development. Connection of other consumers to power network is not allowed. Ground loop resistance should be no more than 4 Ohms. Use of common grounding loop is allowed. Use of common grounding loop with power networks is not allowed. Grounding loop is provided by the Landlord. Separate power sources should be electromagnetically compatible.
In accordance with government regulations, reflect calculation of fire and explosion hazard categories for technical, production and storage premises of cinema complex zone in the "Fire Safety Measures" section.
For cinema hall seats, the following fire safety requirements are defined for structural, upholstery, padding and lining materials:
- structural materials of seats should be used with flammability indicators not higher than B2;
- upholstery, padding and lining materials of seats should belong to toxicity group of combustion products not higher than T3 and with flammability indicators not higher than B2;
Compliance of structural, upholstery, padding and lining materials of cinema hall seats with fire safety requirements should be confirmed by conformity certificate or fire safety certificate of established sample.
Windows and openings from film projection rooms to auditorium should be filled with fire-resistant windows with fire resistance limit not less than EI15.