Design of the automatic fire alarm system of the Business Center

Our project organization has developed the design documentation of the automatic fire alarm system of Business center.

design of an APS system for a business center

DESIGN OF FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

To ensure fire safety measures of a Hotel and business complex with an underground parking lot, the project provides for an automatic fire alarm of an addressable analog type in accordance with the STU.

SAPS serves to monitor the state of the fire situation in the premises of the facility and allows at an early stage to recognize the main factors accompanying the fire, generate appropriate signals to control technical equipment to prevent the spread of fire, smoke evacuation routes, turn on the warning and evacuation management system and transmit information to the CPU of the SB and SDZ (central control point of security and fire protection systems protection) on the 1st floor of the building. The automatic fire alarm system of the facility is intended for:

  • monitoring of connecting lines of the fire alarm loop and fire detectors;

  • reception, registration of alarms, decryption of the number of the fire alarm loop and fire detector;

  • reception and registration of signals from the automatic water fire extinguishing system, decryption of the direction number;

  • transmission of signals to the SPPA for the launch of drencher curtains in the fire alarm control zones;

  • transmission of signals to the SPPA for automatic shutdown of the general exchange ventilation and air conditioning system and closing of fire-retaining valves;

  • transmission of signals to the SPPA for automatic shutdown of air conditioning systems and heat curtains;

  • transmission of signals to the SPPA for automatic activation of the smoke removal system with the opening of the corresponding smoke removal valves with control of the valve position;

  • transmission of signals to the SPPA for automatic activation of air supply systems with the opening of the corresponding valves with control of the valve position;

  • transmission of control commands to launch the warning and evacuation management system;

  • transmission of signals to the SPPA for automatic movement of elevators to the landing floor and their blocking with open doors;

  • transmission of signals to the SPPA to unlock the electromagnetic locks of the ACS for the evacuation of people from the fire zone;

  • transmission of signals to the SPPA of automatic activation of evacuation lighting;

  • sending signals to the SPPA to close the fire gates in the parking lot;

  • transmission of signals to the SPPA to the general control panel;

  • receiving signals from fire control and control devices of local fire extinguishing installations;

  • automatic activation of fire protection signals.

The "Fire" signal is transmitted to the central monitoring console of the District Department of the State Fire Service (GPS) automatically in one of the following ways:

  • via a dedicated telephone line;

  • using a radio channel.

The methods and equipment for transmitting the "Fire" signal to the central monitoring console are determined by the technical conditions at the RD stage.

Technical solutions of APS alarm system

The automatic fire alarm system is part of the integrated fire safety system based on the SIMPLEX equipment, which also includes equipment for warning and evacuation management systems, fire automation systems. The use of this equipment allows you to build a single system on a single hardware and software platform that includes all fire protection systems that exchange data between devices using a single protocol.

This solution provides the flexibility of construction and the modular principle of architecture, allowing you to modify and increase the system with a minimum of labor and solve a wide range of tasks. The main basic node of the SAPS system, which processes and transmits information between other devices of the system, is the receiving and control device (PPCP), series "4100U". The number of PPCP panels is determined by the division of the object into fire compartments and the technical capabilities of the installed equipment. PPCP are installed in floor-mounted low-current cross systems.

The central panel of the PPCP is installed in the room of the CPU of the SB and SDZ, an automated workplace (AWP) is provided in the same room fire alarm systems ARM-SAPS based on a computer connected to the central panel of the PPCP. With the help of the automated control system, the operator can observe the place of occurrence of a fire alarm and the operation of fire protection devices, control fire protection systems and, if necessary, block the issuance of commands for the automatic start of fire protection systems. The output of signals from all fire-fighting systems is provided to the room of the SDZ CPU with the decryption of the address on the display of the central panel of the PPCP and the display screen of the automated control system operator.

The maximum capacity of the central equipment of the system is 256 PPCP. Each PPCP is capable of collecting and processing information from 2000 different address devices (fire detectors, komadno-monitor modules, etc.). The connection of floor-level PPCs to the common bus of the data exchange interface is carried out according to the ring topology of the network, which provides redundancy of data transmission channels in the event of a single break in the communication channel between the PPCs. In case of a single interface line breakage, the system issues an interface line breakage message and automatically reconfigures the direction of data exchange without violating the established operating mode.

In case of damage to both lines of the PPCP interface, they automatically switch to functioning in autonomous mode while maintaining the functions of monitoring the state of the fire situation in the premises, generating appropriate signals to control engineering equipment to prevent the spread of fire, smoke of evacuation routes, and the inclusion of SOWE within the control zone.

The facility is equipped with five PPCP, united by a ring trunk line, which are installed in the dedicated premises of low-current cross-country systems on the 1st and 8th (technical) floor of the protected buildings (3 pcs), as well as in the premises of the cross-country, the central PPCP (1 pc) is located in the pom of the CPU of the SB and SDZ. The premises of the cross-country are equipped with a burglar alarm and must be protected from unauthorized access. Monitoring of the status (with confirmation of the performance of its functions, or the transmission of malfunction notifications) of the fire alarm systems installed in the premises is carried out around the clock from the central fire alarm system and the automated workplace (APM) of the fire alarm system installed in the CPU of the SB and SDZ.

The PPCP polls all detectors of the SAPC control zone, monitors the serviceability of the connecting lines, provides information about the malfunction of the detectors, monitors the availability of power at the backup input and the charging level of the batteries installed in the PPCP housing for autonomous operation of the station in case of power loss. In emergency cases, it generates a signal to launch smoke protection systems, sprinkler and modular fire extinguishing systems, warning and evacuation control systems, with the transmission of a signal to the SB and SDZ CPU and indicating the nature and location of the incident. Fire detectors, controls and monitoring elements are connected by ring loops to the SAPC control panel.

Thanks to this connection, communication is maintained in case of a break or short circuit in the communication lines with the system elements installed in other rooms by automatically disconnecting the damaged section of the line and dividing the ring loop into radial ones.

To control the line, short-circuit insulators are installed in the SAPS loops at the beginning, end of the loop and at the points of transition of the loop from floor to floor. Monitoring of the line throughout the loop is carried out through the use of detector bases with a built-in short-circuit insulator. Installation of these databases is carried out every 20 devices of the SAPC loop in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer.

Automatic fire alarm system protects all premises of the facility, with the exception of rooms with wet processes, ventilation chambers, pumping and other rooms of engineering equipment in the absence of combustible materials, rooms B4 and D, as well as stairwells (SP5.13130.2009, Appendix A, paragraph A4). In accordance with the STU, the underground parking lot is not equipped with an automatic fire alarm.

On the floors of the underground parking lot, only technical and service premises are equipped with automatic fire alarms, and the vestibule is the gateway of elevators for the transportation of fire departments.

The space behind the raised ceiling is equipped with smoke fire detectors in accordance with Table A.2 of SP 5.13130.2009. The evaluation criterion is the condition that in the control zone the volume of the combustible mass of cables is in the range of more than 1.5 liters per linear meter. The assessment is based on the tasks of adjacent sections of the project. Fire detectors installed behind false ceilings are equipped with remote optical alarm devices (VOOS). The placement of automatic fire detectors is determined by the requirements of SP 5.13130.2009, but not less than 2 in the room. The types of detectors are determined in accordance with the recommendations of Appendix M 5.13130.2009.

The type of fire detector is selected depending on the purpose of the room and its fire load. The placement of the detectors ensures the minimum fire detection time requirement. The distance between the fire detectors is not more than half of the standard and meets the requirements of clause 14.1 of SP5.13130.2009. Thermal fire detectors are used to protect rooms in which smoke is not associated with the occurrence of a fire (kitchens, etc.).

Manual fire detectors are installed on evacuation routes, as well as near the cabinets of fire cranes in the parking lot. SAPC cable lines are made with fire-resistant cables. The formation of SAPS signals for the control of fire-fighting engineering systems is carried out according to a programmed algorithm, see clause 2.4.

The composition of the proposed fire alarm equipment

The automatic fire alarm system includes the following equipment:

  • station;
  • peripheral.

The structure of the SAPS station equipment includes:

  • "4100-9211" – fire control and reception panel including:
  • master controller assembly with operator interface and software of the "4100U" series.
  • advanced processor.
  • system power supply and charger.
  • operator interface (display).
  • "4100-3101" is an interface for 250 iDNet address devices.

Provides:

  • addressing of detectors and other devices included in the iDNet ring loop;
  • primary automatic (with configurable frequency) collection of information about the status and status of addressable devices “4100-5102” – expansion power supply.

Provides power to addressable devices of iDNet loops. "4100-6056" is a wired connection module. Provides connection of remote control panels to the common bus of the data exchange interface. The peripheral equipment of the SAPS includes ”4098-9714" – a smoke detector. Provides:

  • detection of the facts of smoke in the premises of the object;
  • formation of an alarm signal for address installation bases.
  • dust control and has a self-cleaning system.
  • "4098-9733" – fire thermal detector.

Provides:

  • detection of the facts of a sharp increase in temperature in the object's premises and an increase in temtextareaperature by more than 57.2 degrees C or an increase in temperature by 11 degrees C ° per minute;
  • formation of an alarm signal for address installation bases
  • "4099-9001” is a manual address fire detector.

Provides o manual activation of the fire alarm signal for the prompt transmission of information about the fire situation in the premises of the facility.“4098-9792" – installation base, addressable “4098-9789" – installation base, addressable with connection of a remote in-dicator (VUOS). Provides monitoring of the status of the detectors; transmission of an alarm signal to the control panel and a remote indicator (VOOS).“4098-9793" – installation base, address base with line insulator. "4090-9116" – line isolation module, addressable.

Ensures the operation of the SAPC ring lines in the event of a short circuit of the connecting line “4090-9118” - a monitor-command, address module. Addressable monitor and command-monitor modules are installed in the immediate vicinity of the actuators. When generating a "FIRE" signal, these modules send a signal to turn off or turn on the process equipment.

The system of notification and management of evacuation of people in case of fire (SOE)

Purpose of the system of notification and evacuation system

According to the STU, a type 3 warning and evacuation management system (SOE) is being designed for this facility. Fire notification is provided in all places of permanent and temporary stay of people. SOE is designed to alert people about a fire and other emergency situations in a building in order to further evacuate them. In the normal mode of operation, the SOE can also be used to transmit background music, speech announcements, and broadcast MGRS messages.

Technical solutions in terms of fire evacuation

Technical means of SOWE provide:

  • the sound of a fire alarm in case of fire danger in automatic and manual mode;

  • voice notification in case of fire danger in automatic and manual mode;

  • voice notification of accidents in building engineering systems and other emergency situations requiring evacuation, in automatic and manual mode;

  • direct control and adjustment of the evacuation process by the operator in the selected alert zones (PO) using voice messages;

  • recording and playback of speech/audio signals;

  • submission of announcements about standard and emergency situations to the premises of the building through a microphone by the operator of the CPU of the SB and SDZ;

  • provision of voice information about emergency situations from the city broadcasting network to the premises of the building;

  • provision of communication of the CPU of the SB and SDZ with the zones of warning people about the fire;

  • playback of audio signals, from background music carriers;

  • programmable priority levels of audio signals in case of fire, emergency;

  • monitoring of alert lines in automatic mode (for breakage, short circuit);

  • monitoring of the serviceability of all station devices of the system in automatic mode;

  • automatic redundancy of power amplifiers (switching on backup amplifiers in the event of a breakdown of the main ones occurs without violating the established mode of operation of the SOE).

  • The fire warning and Evacuation Management System (SOE) is part of an integrated fire safety system based on SIMPLEX equipment, which also includes equipment for automatic fire alarm systems, fire automation. The division of the building into alert zones takes into account the division of the building into fire compartments (PO) and groups of rooms of various functional purposes. The exact configuration and organization of the PO is determined at the design stage.

  • The organization of the PO is presented in the block diagram. The algorithm of operation of the SOE in accordance with the adopted evacuation plans is being developed at the stage of working documentation On the "Fire" signal from the SAPS, notification by zones is automatically carried out.If it is necessary to make an alert to a dedicated zone, the operator of the CPU of the SB and SDZ manually selects the appropriate zone or several zones on the keyboard of the station panel and pronounces an announcement into the microphone.

    SOE is a digital system that meets all the requirements for professional warning systems and is certified for compliance with fire safety standards of the Russian Federation. The SOE is built on a decentralized principle with the possibility of easy expansion and distribution of new system devices both on a centralized and distributed basis. The control and monitoring of the operation of the SOE is carried out by the operator from the premises of the CPU of the SB and SDZ.

  • The main control device of the SOE system is a station panel with a microphone module and LED indicators. It is provided for the organization of an automated workplace (AWP), combined with the SAPC of the operator of the SOE to display graphical plans and the status of the system devices, output of the proposed algorithm options and reprogramming. In addition to the automated control system, information about system events and status is displayed on the LCD screen of the station panel and LED indicators. The structure of the SOE includes:

  • station equipment;

  • terminal equipment (sounders):

  • the sounder for installation in a suspended ceiling;


  • wall-mounted annunciator;

  • horn type annunciator (for parking spaces and technical rooms).

  • The composition of the proposed equipment, topology and composition of the station equipment is determined at the design stage.

The SOWE station panel with a central microphone module is located in the SB and SDZ CPU. SOE panels with power amplifiers are placed in dedicated rooms of low-current cross-country systems. In the future, it is planned to adjust the SSE system after the premises are leased and the final "cutting" of the premises. The adjustment of the SOE in these premises is carried out at the expense of tenants. For the development of the system, a reserve of amplifier capacity of at least 50% is laid.

Light indicators "Exit" are provided in the electrical part of the project. SOE cable lines are made with fire-resistant cables. The SOE should function for the time necessary to complete the evacuation of people from the building. Two-way loud-speaking communication of the dispatcher with the security zones of the MGN (low-mobility groups of the population) and elevator halls (according to SP 59.13330.2012) is provided in the section "Internal communication networks"

The composition of the proposed equipment of the SOE evacuation system

The station equipment of the SOE includes "4100-1311" – a digital audio controller board. Provides:

  • automatic recording, storage and playback of recorded messages/audio signals from a memory card;
  • monitoring the status of connected devices in real time;
  • transmitting and receiving data from digital repeater boards.
  • "4100-0622" is the digital repeater board of the audio interface.
  • automatic processing and retransmission of incoming digital audio signals (up to 8 audio channels simultaneously);
  • "4100-0623" – Network digital repeater interface card.
  • exchange of data and control commands according to a given algorithm with other digital repeater interface boards;
  • "4100-1240" – Additional audio input board.
  • connection of up to four external audio source devices;
  • microphone connection.
  • "4100-1333" – Digital amplifier, 70 V, 100 W.
  • broadcast messages/audio signals to six audio outputs;
  • monitoring of the status of open and short circuit warning lines in real time;
  • "4100-1339" – Backup digital amplifier, 70 V, 100 W.
  • automatic recording, storage and playback of recorded messages/audio signals from the memory card;
  • monitoring the status of connected devices in real time;
  • transmitting and receiving data from digital repeater boards;
  • receiving messages spoken by the operator.
  • ”4100-1288" is a control and control board for 64 LED indicators/buttons.

Fire-fighting automation system (SPPA).

The fire-fighting automation system (SPPA) is designed to organize interaction between the SAPS and other engineering equipment of the building. The functioning of the fire-fighting automation system is realized through an automatic fire alarm system by means of information exchange between monitor-command modules, monitor modules and PPCP.

The fire-fighting automation system is part of an integrated fire safety system based on SIMPLEX equipment, which also includes equipment for automatic fire alarm systems, warning systems and evacuation management. SPPA provides the following:

  • by means of SAPC, it receives signals from a number of engineering systems of the building and issues control signals according to a given algorithm;

  • interaction by means of SAPS with the fire-fighting automation system using relay modules and address labels.

    The scope of the SPPA includes the control of the following parameters:

  • the position of the valves of the smoke removal and backup systems;

  • cabinet mode of operation of smoke removal and back-up installations (manual/automatic);

  • mode of operation of the smoke removal and backup installation (signal "Operation/accident", "Start monitoring (the installation is working)", "Power failure");

  • the position of the valves in front of the liquid flow signaling devices (CSF);

  • status of the liquid flow alarms;

  • parameters of the water fire extinguishing system;

  • receiving signals from the "Start" buttons in the cabinets of fire cranes;

  • control of the position of fire-retaining valves, as well as smoke extraction and backup valves;

  • power control and battery charging control of fire-fighting automation power supplies.

    The scope of the SPPA includes the management of the following engineering equipment:

  • opening of smoke extraction and backup valves;

  • opening of valves of fire-retaining systems by general exchange ventilation;

  • shutdown of ventilation and air conditioning systems;

  • enabling smoke extraction and backup systems;

  • signal to start the drencher curtains;

  • the signal to unlock the electromagnetic locks of the ACS;

  • signal for lowering the elevators to the landing floor;

  • signal to turn on the evacuation lighting fixtures;

  • a signal to close the fire gates in the parking lot;

  • a signal to turn off the heat curtains;

  • a signal to turn on the warning system and evacuation management.

  • transmission of "fire in the compartment/zone" signals to the dispatching system of engineering equipment.

    The project provides for signals to turn off the general exchange ventilation units (supply and exhaust), backup and smoke removal – one signal for each control cabinet of the installation. The scope of the SPA project does not include actuating devices (valve actuators of ventilation systems, actuators of drain valves, flow relays, terminal devices of shut-off valves, etc.).

  • For remote activation of the smoke protection system in accordance with SP 7.13130.2009, address manual detectors with the inscription "REMOTE CONTROL START" installed in the cabinets of fire cranes are provided. To control the "Start" buttons in the cabinets of the fire water supply, there are modules for the address monitor "4090-9001". The "Start" button is used to remotely start the pumps and determine the location of the opening of the network in each cabinet of the fire crane. The position sensor is provided in the section "Automatic fire extinguishing system and fire water supply" 3/1/12/FCC-PB2 Volume 9.2. SPPA cable lines are made with fire-resistant cables.

Automation of smoke protection.

In addition to the automatic control of the project, it is envisaged:

  • remote control (from the premises of the CPU of the SB and SDZ) of the equipment of engineering systems, namely:
  • remote activation of smoke removal and backup fans, as well as remote control of smoke and general exchange ventilation valves from the control room (the dispatcher has the ability to turn on the smoke removal and backup fans and open the smoke removal valves interlocked with them if no signal is received from the fire alarm system);
  • remote activation of smoke removal and backup fans, as well as remote control of smoke and general exchange ventilation valves from manual fire detectors for remote start of the smoke removal system installed in the cabinets of fire cranes (when this button is pressed, a control signal is generated to start the corresponding smoke removal and backup fans and open the smoke removal and backup valves interlocked with them);
  • local management of smoke extraction, air back-up and general exchange ventilation systems, namely:
  • manual control of smoke extraction and backup fans, general exchange ventilation from control panels located in ventilation chambers or electrical switchboards;
  • manual control of smoke extraction valves, air supply from the buttons at the valve installation sites;
  • manual control of the fire-retaining valves of general ventilation from the buttons at the valve installation sites.

It is provided for the transmission of signals to the room of the CPU of the SB and SDZ:

  • about the start of the smoke removal and backup fans;

  • about the accident of the smoke removal and backup installation;

  • about disabling the automatic start of smoke extraction and backup fans;

  • about the power failure of the installation

  • about the position of the smoke ventilation valves ("open/closed").

    An advanced automatic start of exhaust smoke ventilation systems is provided relative to the start of the supply smoke ventilation systems from 20 to 30 seconds. To control the smoke removal and back-up valves, Simplex 4090-9118 command and monitor modules integrated into the annular loops of the SAPC and control units for valves of the BUOK SVT type (NPF "SVIT") are used.

  • In accordance with clause 7.18 of SP7.13130.2009, when the power supply of the smoke removal valve and the backstop is turned off, the damper must maintain its position. The smoke ventilation section provides reversible actuators (without a return spring) for smoke removal and back-up valves, and electromechanical actuators (with spring return) for fire-retaining valves of general exchange ventilation. BUOKi SVT 667.23.221 allow you to control the reversible drives of smoke protection systems, BUOKi SVT 667.13.221 allow you to control the electromechanical drives of fire-retaining valves of general ventilation.

  • Information about the operation and malfunction of the equipment of fire protection systems, as well as the transfer to manual control mode is transmitted to the room of the CPU of the SB and SDZ. On the monitor of the integrated fire protection system, mnemonic diagrams of smoke protection systems are displayed, which display indications characterizing the state of the installations and their operating modes. The graphical interface of the dispatching system allows the operator on duty to quickly and correctly assess the situation for subsequent actions according to the instructions. Command and monitor modules and valve control units are located near the valves.

Automation of the water fire extinguishing system and fire water

supply Technical solutions for the automatic fire extinguishing system and fire water supply are presented in the Volume "Automatic fire extinguishing system and fire water supply". The indication of the operation of the pumping unit is formed on the devices Sprut-CPI, Sprut-PI, which are provided. The SPA provides for the transmission of the following signals from the water fire extinguishing system and internal fire-fighting water supply:

  • about the status of pumping units (3 signals from each group of pumps - "Accident", "Start of the installation", "Automation is disabled");

  • about the individual condition of each valve on the pipeline of the pumping group "The valve is not normal";

  • about the position of floor gate valves (gates) (open/closed);

  • about the state of the liquid flow detectors (CSF);

  • about the status of the "Start" button of the fire crane.

    The scope of the SPA includes the management of the following equipment of the water fire extinguishing system and internal fire-fighting water supply:

  • start of pumps of internal fire-fighting water supply (when signals about opening of fire cranes are received);

  • a signal to start the fire extinguishing drencher.

    To control the "Start" buttons in the cabinets of the fire water supply, the address modules "4090-9001" are provided. The "Start" button is used to remotely start the pumps and determine the opening location of the network in each cabinet of the fire crane. The "Start" button.

    Signals about the operation of the sprinkler fire extinguishing system from the liquid flow detectors and valves are sent to the SAPC and used to control engineering systems in case of fire.

    The status of the APT devices and elements are displayed on the ARM monitor in the CPU room of the SDZ and SB.

    As control elements, the address modules of the monitor “4090-9001” included in the address lines of the SAPC are used

Algorithm of fire alarm operation

The control of the engineering systems of the facility in case of fire provides for the reception of control signals from fire detectors and monitor modules of the automatic fire alarm system (SAPS) with the formation of a "Fire" signal when:

  • the 1st manual address fire detector is triggered with the determination of the place of operation (room, floor, fire compartment);

  • operation of at least 2 automatic address fire detectors installed in a separate volume (room, floor, fire compartment);

  • when the sprinkler system is triggered (the liquid flow alarm of the SPF) and the "Fire" signal is received from the CPI of the sprinkler fire extinguishing station;

  • turning on the internal fire water supply.

Power supply and grounding of the fire alarm system

The equipment of fire protection systems operates in a continuous round-the-clock mode and requires uninterrupted power supply (which does not allow a break in the supply of electricity in any operating modes of electrical installations). In accordance with the regulations, the equipment of fire protection systems, according to the degree of ensuring the reliability of power supply, belong to category 1 electric receivers.

The provision of the 1st category of reliability of power supply and the 220V 50Hz power supply network of the specified equipment is provided in the EM section and is provided with electricity from two independent mutually redundant power sources, with additional power from a third independent power source (batteries). Secondary power sources are provided complete with batteries.

Grounding of fire alarm devices to the extent of the requirements of the documentation for the devices is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the PUE and RD 78.145-93 from the grounding bus of the electrical panel above the specified loads. Survivability and resistance to external influences. All equipment meets the requirements of the relevant standards for electromagnetic compatibility.

To neutralize interference caused by electromagnetic fields, the use of fiber-optic and shielded cable products is provided, and a potential equalization system is also provided in the building. Environmental protection.The installed equipment is not a source of harmful emissions. Special measures to protect the environment are not required (including when disposing of faulty or expired components of the system).

Occupational health and safety measures. As safety measures, it is planned to make basic design decisions in accordance with the requirements of the PUE and VSN 604-III-87. Labor protection is provided by designed workplace lighting systems in accordance with sanitary standards and a ventilation and air conditioning system, indoor microclimate control is carried out using thermometers and psychrometers.

The noise from the equipment does not exceed the permissible norms. The equipment must be operated by the Customer's personnel who have been trained and studied the technical and operational documentation for the system as a whole and its individual components. Fire prevention measures. As fire-fighting measures, it is planned to make basic design decisions in accordance with the current regulatory documents of the Russian Federation. To ensure the possibility of primary fire extinguishing at the construction stage, the Customer provides for the installation of carbon dioxide or powder fire extinguishers with a volume of at least 15 liters.